Socket fusion consists of simultaneously heating both the external surface of the pipe end and the internal surface of the socket fitting until the material reaches the desired temperature. The fitting and pipe are each exposed to heat for a specified heating time. Once the appropriate time is reached, the heated spigot tooling is removed, and the pipe and fitting are brought together using force. A weld is then formed, and the joint is cooled. This cooling period is crucial to forming a strong and durable bond. The cooling time can vary depending on pipe diameter, material type, and ambient temperature. After cooling, the joint should be inspected for any irregularities, such as incomplete fusion or contamination. Properly executed socket fusion joints result in a seamless connection with no external materials introduced during the process.
Socket fusion is widely used in various applications, including water distribution, gas transportation, and industrial piping systems. It offers several advantages, such as ease of installation, reduced risk of leaks, and the ability to create joints without needing additional materials like solvents or adhesives.
It’s important to note that while socket fusion is a common method, there are other fusion techniques used in the piping industry, such as butt fusion and electrofusion, each suitable for different applications and pipe sizes. Socket fusion is mostly used on thermoplastic pipes and fittings. The choice of fusion method depends on factors like pipe material, size, and the installation’s specific requirements.